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Objective@#To analyze the heritability of diabetes among the Chinese twin adults.@*Methods@#A total of 10 253 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older, were selected from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) program. Heritability of diabetes was calculated by using the structural equation model.@*Results@#After adjusted for age and gender, the overall heritability rates of diabetes were 0.41 (0.15-0.75), 0.83 (0.72-0.91) and 0.34 (0.04-0.73) in the <45 and ≥45 years twin pairs, respectively. After adjusted for age, rates of heritability appeared as 0.37 (0.05-0.78) and 0.88 (0.79-0.94) in men and women, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Diabetes is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic effect of diabetes seemed stronger on female than that on male twins but was dying down along with ageing.
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Objective To explore the relationship of family environment in childhood and adolescence and mental health in adulthood.Methods A total of 791 subjects aged ≥25 years were selected through the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR).The short-form of Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) was used to evaluate the family environment during childhood and adolescence in three dimensions:relationship,system maintenance and personal growth.The mental health status in adulthood was assessed with the Chinese version of 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).The generalized linear mixed model was used to examine their relationship.Results About 4.6％ of the subjects reported general or worse mental health status.Compared with the subjects with good mental status,statistical difference was observed only in parenting way among twins (living together or not).After adjusting the potential confounders,such as age,sex,zygosity,education and lifestyle (smoking,drinking and physical activity),good family relationship and system maintenance had a positive effect on mental health,with the OR (95％CI) of 0.66 (0.5 1-0.87) and 0.70 (0.50-0.98) respectively.Furthermore,parenting way did not modify the effect of family environment on mental health status in adulthood (interaction:P＞0.05).In each scale,scores of cohesion and organization were positively correlated with mental health,while the score of conflict was negatively correlated with the mental health.Conclusion Good family relationship and system maintenance in childhood and adolescence had a positive impact on mental health in adulthood.
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Objective To explore the relationship of family environment in childhood and adolescence and mental health in adulthood.Methods A total of 791 subjects aged ≥25 years were selected through the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR).The short-form of Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) was used to evaluate the family environment during childhood and adolescence in three dimensions:relationship,system maintenance and personal growth.The mental health status in adulthood was assessed with the Chinese version of 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).The generalized linear mixed model was used to examine their relationship.Results About 4.6％ of the subjects reported general or worse mental health status.Compared with the subjects with good mental status,statistical difference was observed only in parenting way among twins (living together or not).After adjusting the potential confounders,such as age,sex,zygosity,education and lifestyle (smoking,drinking and physical activity),good family relationship and system maintenance had a positive effect on mental health,with the OR (95％CI) of 0.66 (0.5 1-0.87) and 0.70 (0.50-0.98) respectively.Furthermore,parenting way did not modify the effect of family environment on mental health status in adulthood (interaction:P＞0.05).In each scale,scores of cohesion and organization were positively correlated with mental health,while the score of conflict was negatively correlated with the mental health.Conclusion Good family relationship and system maintenance in childhood and adolescence had a positive impact on mental health in adulthood.
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Objective To study the influence of diet and behavior related factors on the peripheral blood triglyceride levels in adults,through a cross-sectional survey.Methods The current study included 13 434 subjects without histories of major chronic diseases from a population-based cross-sectional survey:the 2010 Metabolic Syndrome Survey in Zhejiang Province.A generalized linear model was used to investigate the influence of diet/behavior-related factors on the peripheral blood triglyceride levels.Results Mean TG of the sample population appeared as (1.36± 1.18) mmol/L.The proportions of elevated TG and marginally elevated TG were 10.3％ and 11.0％ respectively,with statistically significant difference seen between males and females (x2=44.135,P＜0.001).In this sampled population,the daily intake of cooking oil was exceeding the recommendation levels by over 50％ while the intake of fruit,milk,nuts and physical exercise were much below the recommendation.There were statistically significant differences between smoking,alcohol-intake,meat,fruit and water intake in male population from this study.However,in females,the intake of aquatic product and physical exercise showed statistically significant differences.After controlling for other variables,factors as age,drinking,staple food and aquatic products showed positive influence on TG,while milk presented negative influence on TG.Through interaction analysis,fruit and meat intake in males and staple food in females showed positive influence on TG,when compared to the reference group.Conclusion Hyperglyceridemia appeared as one of the major metabolic abnormities in Zhejiang province.Programs on monitoring the alcohol,staple food and meat intake should be priority on intervention,in the communities.
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Objective To investigate the varying variances of the genetic components in birth cohorts.Methods Twin samples used in the current study were collected from the Chinese National Twin Registry and a two-wave study was conducted,in Qingdao and Lishui regions.Samples were broken down by birth cohort to create four subgroups:-1958,1959-1961,1962-1970 and 1970-.Structural equation models were fitted in each subgroup to estimate the genetic and environmental variances.Results From each birth cohort,weight and body mass index in 2012 appeared higher than those in 2001.Twins of 1971-cohort subgroup showed lower weight than in the other cohort subgroups.Except for the 1959-1961 cohort subgroup,the later birth cohorts were inversely related to the body mass indexes.Genetic factors might explain 54％-76％ of the total variations on the body mass index.Heritability of body mass index of twins born during 1959-1961 was increasing along with age.Conclusion Genetic factors might explain the main portion which related to the phenotypic variance of body mass index.Effects of genetic factors on body mass index of twins born during 1959-1961 might have increased along with age.
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Objective To explore the key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection to improve the ability of surveillance and disposal on public health emergency.Methods Framework on surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection was set up,based on literature review and expert group discussion.Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution comprehensive evaluation method were used for ordering preference by similarity,to screen key techniques set for surveillance and disposal of the above said events.Results Framework to be used for selecting key techniques was designed,based on the classification of emergency events,processing cycle of emergency events and level of techniques.Twenty six public health experts were selected for a 2-round consultation,with their authority as 0.796.Ten key techniques with important significance for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection were selected from each event.Among these key techniques,the early-warning system was recognized as the key technique,important for the surveillance and disposal of all three emergency events.Items as technology used for unknown pathogenic microorganism detection,personal protection,gene sequencing and tracing technology,microorganism molecular typing technology,nucleic acid detection technology etc.were the key techniques and need to develop for the surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases and iatrogenic infection.Data regarding key technologies on security and privacy,early warning and forecasting,field rapid detection were sorted out that all in need to improve the surveillance programs on disposal of infectious diseases and food poisoning.Data exchange appeared another key technique on infectious diseases,with toxin detection and other 5 techniques the key techniques for food poisoning.Data collection,standardization and other 3 techniques appeared as the key techniques on iatrogenic infection.Conclusions Key techniques were selected in this study to meet the requirements of surveillance,disposal of infectious disease,food poisoning and iatrogenic infection.Authority of the experts got improved in the two-round consultation,ensuring the reliability of the results of screening and providing a scientific basis for the further research and priority development of the key techniques.
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Objective@#To explore the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) using Mendelian randomization analysis.@*Methods@#A total of 469 participants were selected from the Chinese National Twin Registry in 2013, who were living in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Sichuan provinces, and at least 18 years of age. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect demographic, clinical, and behavioral information. Peripheral blood cells were collected to detect genotype and methylation status. Association analyses between DNA methylation and BMI and between CpGs and cis-SNP were conducted. With rs748212 as the instrumental variable, the association between cg15053022 and BMI was explored using the Mendelian randomization method.@*Results@#A total of 469 participants were selected. The mean age of participants was (44.8±13.2) years and the BMI was (25.0±3.8) kg/m2. Nine BMI-related DNA methylation sites were found and DNA methylation site cg15053022 in the ATP4A gene was negatively associated with cis-SNP rs748212 (β=-0.020); the mean methylation level of AA, AC, and CC were 0.212±0.025, 0.242±0.024, and 0.264±0.028, respectively. rs748212 was associated with BMI (β=0.04, P=0.007) and closely related to cg15053022 (F=237.66, P=0.143). Mendelian randomization analysis showed lower methylation levels at cg15053022 were associated with higher BMI (β=-1.97, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#This study supported the impact of cg15053022 methylation in the ATP4A gene on BMI using Mendelian randomization analysis and provided the basis for using Mendelian randomization analysis in methylation studies.
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Objective To study the influence of diet and behavior related factors on the peripheral blood triglyceride levels in adults,through a cross-sectional survey.Methods The current study included 13 434 subjects without histories of major chronic diseases from a population-based cross-sectional survey:the 2010 Metabolic Syndrome Survey in Zhejiang Province.A generalized linear model was used to investigate the influence of diet/behavior-related factors on the peripheral blood triglyceride levels.Results Mean TG of the sample population appeared as (1.36± 1.18) mmol/L.The proportions of elevated TG and marginally elevated TG were 10.3％ and 11.0％ respectively,with statistically significant difference seen between males and females (x2=44.135,P＜0.001).In this sampled population,the daily intake of cooking oil was exceeding the recommendation levels by over 50％ while the intake of fruit,milk,nuts and physical exercise were much below the recommendation.There were statistically significant differences between smoking,alcohol-intake,meat,fruit and water intake in male population from this study.However,in females,the intake of aquatic product and physical exercise showed statistically significant differences.After controlling for other variables,factors as age,drinking,staple food and aquatic products showed positive influence on TG,while milk presented negative influence on TG.Through interaction analysis,fruit and meat intake in males and staple food in females showed positive influence on TG,when compared to the reference group.Conclusion Hyperglyceridemia appeared as one of the major metabolic abnormities in Zhejiang province.Programs on monitoring the alcohol,staple food and meat intake should be priority on intervention,in the communities.
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Objective To investigate the varying variances of the genetic components in birth cohorts.Methods Twin samples used in the current study were collected from the Chinese National Twin Registry and a two-wave study was conducted,in Qingdao and Lishui regions.Samples were broken down by birth cohort to create four subgroups:-1958,1959-1961,1962-1970 and 1970-.Structural equation models were fitted in each subgroup to estimate the genetic and environmental variances.Results From each birth cohort,weight and body mass index in 2012 appeared higher than those in 2001.Twins of 1971-cohort subgroup showed lower weight than in the other cohort subgroups.Except for the 1959-1961 cohort subgroup,the later birth cohorts were inversely related to the body mass indexes.Genetic factors might explain 54％-76％ of the total variations on the body mass index.Heritability of body mass index of twins born during 1959-1961 was increasing along with age.Conclusion Genetic factors might explain the main portion which related to the phenotypic variance of body mass index.Effects of genetic factors on body mass index of twins born during 1959-1961 might have increased along with age.
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Objective To explore the key techniques used for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection to improve the ability of surveillance and disposal on public health emergency.Methods Framework on surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection was set up,based on literature review and expert group discussion.Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution comprehensive evaluation method were used for ordering preference by similarity,to screen key techniques set for surveillance and disposal of the above said events.Results Framework to be used for selecting key techniques was designed,based on the classification of emergency events,processing cycle of emergency events and level of techniques.Twenty six public health experts were selected for a 2-round consultation,with their authority as 0.796.Ten key techniques with important significance for surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases,food poisoning and hospital infection were selected from each event.Among these key techniques,the early-warning system was recognized as the key technique,important for the surveillance and disposal of all three emergency events.Items as technology used for unknown pathogenic microorganism detection,personal protection,gene sequencing and tracing technology,microorganism molecular typing technology,nucleic acid detection technology etc.were the key techniques and need to develop for the surveillance and disposal of infectious diseases and iatrogenic infection.Data regarding key technologies on security and privacy,early warning and forecasting,field rapid detection were sorted out that all in need to improve the surveillance programs on disposal of infectious diseases and food poisoning.Data exchange appeared another key technique on infectious diseases,with toxin detection and other 5 techniques the key techniques for food poisoning.Data collection,standardization and other 3 techniques appeared as the key techniques on iatrogenic infection.Conclusions Key techniques were selected in this study to meet the requirements of surveillance,disposal of infectious disease,food poisoning and iatrogenic infection.Authority of the experts got improved in the two-round consultation,ensuring the reliability of the results of screening and providing a scientific basis for the further research and priority development of the key techniques.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the associations between birth weight and overweight/obesity among children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 8 267 twin pairs younger than 18 years old from the Chinese National Twin Registry were included in the study. Associations between birth weight, childhood BMI and overweight/obesity were explored by this co-twin control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for sex and zygosity, when birth weight had an increase of 0.5 kg per fold, the OR values for overweight and obesity were 1.87(95%CI: 1.40-2.48) for 2-6 year olds, 1.69 (95%CI: 1.16-2.46) for 6-12 year olds and 1.28 (95%CI: 0.80-2.07) for 12-18 year olds.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>from the stratified analysis in the 2-6 year-olds, statistically significant differences were seen. When birth weight increased 0.5 kg per fold, the risk of overweight and obesity increased by 0.87 times among the dizygotic twins, more than that of the monozygotic twins (OR=1.86, 95%CI:1.24-2.81). The risk for male twins was 1.12 times higher than that of female twins (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.11-2.44).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Birth weight seemed associated with overweight and obesity for kids at early childhood or at age for schools. However, guidance on the implementation of public health interventions is still needed on these children.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Birth Weight , China , Epidemiology , Obesity , Ethnology , Overweight , Ethnology , Registries , Risk , Twins, Dizygotic , Twins, MonozygoticABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the change trend of birth weight of twins in China from 1995 to 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 10 827 twins born between 1995 and 2012 registered in national twin registry system in 8 provinces in China were included in this study. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the change trend of twin's birth weight.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean birth weight of twins decreased by 0.01 kg every five years after adjusting sex, ovum type and place of birth (P = 0.041). The birth weight decreased both in superior twin and in inferior twin over time. After 2007, the birth weight of superior twin decreased by 0.008 kg each year, while the birth weight of inferior twin decreased by 0.014 kg each year. Mean relative difference in birth weight and birth weight discordant rate decreased before 2002, then increased from the lowest point 8.16% and 16.20% to highest point 9.99% and 22.40% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The birth weight of twins in China decreased between 1995 and 2012, while the birth weight discordant rate increased, suggesting that close attention should be paid to the discordance of twin body weight to reduce the risk of adverse health outcome.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Birth Rate , Birth Weight , China , Epidemiology , Registries , Retrospective Studies , TwinsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the heritability of body mass index (BMI) in twins across different regions and genders in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 11 122 adult twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry were interviewed. A structural equation model was used to estimate the heritability of BMI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study included 6 226 monozygotic twin pairs and 4 896 dizygotic twin pairs, with the age range as 25-85 (39.0 ± 10.8) years. Under stratified analysis by region, results showed that the highest and lowest rates on heritability of BMI in men were seen in Tianjin and Zhejiang, as 67.8% (95% CI: 50.1%-85.8%) and 42.1% (95% CI: 27.2%-60.9%), while in women were seen in Sichuan and Heilongjiang as 56.2% (95% CI: 47.5%-70.0%) and 11.2% (95% CI: 0.0%-31.7%), respectively. Results from the stratified analysis showed that, by gender, the heritability of BMI in men was higher than that in women from the same region. The biggest differences of heritability of BMI between men and women were seen in Heilongjiang as 55.3% (95% CI: 35.5%-80.0%) and 11.2% (95% CI: 0-31.7%), while the smallest differences were seen in Sichuan as 61.5% (95% CI: 40.7%-86.4%) and 56.2% (95% CI: 47.5%-70.0%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The heritability of BMI across different regions and genders showed certain differences in the Chinese twins.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Genetics , Body Mass Index , China , Cities , Registries , Twins, Dizygotic , Genetics , Twins, Monozygotic , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To find out about the temperature ,relative humidity, concentration and species of air microbes in the warship , and to detect the possible pathogenic agents responsible for the high incidence of respiratory diseases among the crew.Methods A digital hygrometer was used to measure the indoor tempreture and relative humidity .Open agar set-tling plates were used to sample the air bacteria in the ship .Pure bacterial colonies were isolated from those on the original plates by repeated streak inoculation .The species of bacteria were determined by gram staining ,light microscope observation and 16S rDNA sequencing .Results Spots that met the standard requirement of temperature accounted for 20%but relative humidity was up to the stevrdard ineach place investigated .Although the concentration of airborne microbes was under the standard limit,bacteria were various.There were 18 different bacteria isolated from the air sample , including Chryseobacteri-um jejuense,Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylo-coccus hominis subsp.hominis strain and subsp.novobiosepticus, Staphylococcus cohnii subsp.cohnii and subsp.urealytic-us,Enhydrobacter aerosaccus,Corynebacterium casei,Macrococcus caseolyticus,Corynebacterium ammoniagenes,Brevibacillus panacihumi,Comamonas koreensis,Bacillus subtilis,Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Chryseobacterium hominis.Conclusion The high incidence of respiratory diseases among officers and soliders might be related to the lower tempreture and some airborne bacteria in the warship .
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Objective To access the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) and its associated risk factors among adults with obesity in Zhejiang province. Methods The enrolled subjects were selected among local residents aged≥18 years with body mass index≥28 kg/m2 from 15 counties by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling from July to November, 2010. Each participant was required to attend complete questionnaire, physical examination, and testing overnight fasting blood specimen. Results A total of 1 351 residents were enrolled, including 613 males and 738 females. The prevalence of T2DM in adult population with obesity was 15. 03%, being 14. 03% in male, and 15. 85% in female;and that in urban area was 16. 64%, and in rural area was 13. 93%. Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that factors such as ageing (OR=1. 473, 95% CI 1. 243-1. 747), a family history of T2DM(OR=8. 945, 95% CI 5. 481-14. 598), staple food intake (OR=1. 185, 95% CI 1. 017-1. 380), triglyceride(≥1. 7 mmol/L, OR=1. 542, 95%CI 1. 066-2. 232) were risk factors of T2DM;while annual income(OR=0. 695, 95%CI 0. 544-0. 888), and milk intake(OR=0. 750, 95%CI 0. 567-0. 993) were shown as protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of T2DM in adults with obesity was raised, ageing, a family history of T2DM, staple food intake, and dyslipidemia appeared to be major risk factors for T2DM.
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ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and awareness rate in Zhejiang adults.MethodA total of 17 437 adults from 15 counties were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method from July to November,2010.Each participant was required to complete a set of standardized questionnaire,physical examination,and blood specimen collection.ResultsThe overall standardized rate of diabetes mellitus was 5.94％ ( crude prevalence 8.80％ ).It was increased by 96.67％ during past 8 years,as compared with the prevalence 3.02％ in 2002.The standardized rate of diabetes mellitus of the urban and rural area were 7.52％ and 5.19％ ( crude prevalence 11.33％ and 7.09％ ),respectively.The standardized rate of diabetes mellitus in the urban was higher than rural ( u =6.58,P＜0.05 ).The standardized rate of diabetes mellitus of the male and the female were 5.74％ and 6.15％ ( crude prevalence 8.36％ and 9.13％ ),respectively,without significant difference ( u =1.39,P＞0.05 ).The awareness rate of diabetes mellitus was 59.19％ ( 56.66％ in male and 61.23 ％ in female,x2 =3.26,P＞0.05 ).The awareness rate of the urban was higher than the rural (63.47％ vs 54.69％,x2=12.20,P＜0.01 ).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus showed a rapidly rising trend in Zhejiang province.The effective intervention should be taken at its early stage.
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Objective To explore the characteristic and pattern of children injury of Zhejiang Province,and provides scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategy of children injury. MethodChildren diagnosed as injury at emergency department in sentry hospitals (Tnere are 5 monitoring sites for injury surveillance in Zhejiang in 2005: Jinhua, Shengsi, Tongxiang, Yinzhou dislrict of Ningbo, Hailing; each monitoring site has 3 sentry hospitals: one county level hospital, one town center hospital and one town level hospital) from January to December,2005 were investigated by trained doctors or nurses in emerncy department. The investigation included basic information, when injury happened, where injury happened and type of injury. Children were investigated when they were conscious, and their parents or accompanies could answer if they were not able to. The contents of investigation were kept private. The distribution of variables which included sex, age, when injury happened, where injury happened, why injury happened and severity level were described mainly with proportion and means, and chisquare test was used to analyze the proportion difference. RemitsA total of 1 794 injury cases were recorded in 2005 among which 67.56% were male and 32.44% were female. The majority were native people and the average age was 7.33±3.84 years old. The injury occurred mostly at home and was of high frequent occurrence from April to November. The most common causes of injury were tumble (47.94%).traffic accident (17.17%) and blunt injury(10.26%). The injury happened mostly during spare time(67.66%), and then school aetivities(11.25%)ant]sports activities(9.96%). Totally 90.33% of the injured children went home after been treated, 1.40% stayed for obsrvafion, 7.04% were in hospital, 0.56% were transferred to other hospitals, 0.22% died and 0.45% unknown. The slight superficial injury and moderate injury were the most common injuries. The most common three types of injury were haemaloma and stasis injury(31.29%), superficial abrased wound(23.69%) and bone fracture(8.67%). Among the injury, 39.47% were head injury, 25.80% were upper limb, 28.55% were lower limb, 4.81% were trunkand 1.38% wereothers. Conclusions The most common three types of injury in Zhejiang province were haemawma and stasis injury, superficial abrased wound and bone fracture. The main reasons of injury were falling injury,traffic accident injury and blunt injury. The injury happened mostly during spare time, and scbool activities and sports activities. Thus, safety education and safety protection should be strengthened to reduce children injuries.